Charles Harrison

AP Euro

VT

Page 751

1. Nationalism is loyalty to the nation defined in ethnic terms of a common language, history, and culture replaced loyalty to dynasties. Nationalists wanted the boundaries of Europe drawn according to ethnic groups and other related goals. These were difficult goals to achieve since different ethnic groups would dispute who had the rights to a certain piece of land. Other problems would occur when different ethnic groups occupied the same land. Nationalism was a special threat to the Austrian Empire because it thrived under a strong monarchy. With strong rulers like Metternich in power, the Empire ran smoothly and efficiently. The downfall of Metternich came when power was decentralized and more people had a voice in the Austrian government. The Burschenschaften was a nationalist movement in Germany that was eventually dissolved by the Carlsbad decrees.
2. In the nineteenth century a liberal was anyone who opposed the conservatives views. Liberals got most of their ideas from Enlightenment writers. They wanted legal equality, religious toleration, and the freedom of the press. They wanted the governments to have limited control over people. Liberals wanted constitutions and parliaments. Many Nationalists were also Liberals because of the policies that they wanted instated. Nationalists sometimes wanted boundaries based on ethnic groups drawn that were against the conservative boundaries. This made them liberals.